RUGGEDCOM Ethernet Layer 2 switches are designed to withstand the demands of harsh environments (in a temperature range from –40 °C up to 85 °C without fans), and to operate reliably in mission-critical real-time control applications requiring the high Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) immunity high levels of reliability and availability (with industrial standards such as IEC 61850-3, IEEE 1613, and NEMA TS 2). In response to the high levels of reliability and availability, RUGGEDCOM technology has developed an innovation known as Zero Packet Loss™ to upgrade communications networking performance.